11. What specialized cells line the inner cavity and move fluids through filter feeding sponges?10/6/2023 (See the chapter on Vestibular System: Structure and Function). Hair cells in the maculae of the saccule and the utricle respond to linear acceleration (gravity). Hair cells in the cristae ampullares in the semicircular ducts respond to angular acceleration (rotation of the head). Hair cells in the Organ of Corti in the cochlea of the ear respond to sound. Several specializations make human hair cells responsive to various forms of mechanical stimulation. In higher vertebrates the internal fluid of the inner ear (not external fluid as in fish) bathes the hair cells, but these cells still sense movements in the surrounding fluid. The hair cell first appeared in fish as part of a long, thin array along the side of the body, sensing movements in the water. Located at: /Wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Illu_synovial_ key structure in the vertebrate auditory and vestibular systems is the hair cell. License: Public Domain: No Known Copyright License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlikeĬC LICENSED CONTENT, SPECIFIC ATTRIBUTION The arachnoid is attached to the dura mater, while the pia mater is attached to the central nervous system tissue. Normally, the dura mater is attached to the skull or to the bones of the vertebral canal in the spinal cord. The subarachnoid space is the space that normally exists between the arachnoid and the pia mater, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. As such it is a very thin, delicate membrane composed of fibrous tissue covered on its outer surface by a sheet of flat cells thought to be impermeable to fluid. It firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, following the brain’s minor contours. The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges. The Meninges: This figure displays the meninges with respect to the skull and surface of the brain.
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